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Abstract
Background
Rubber Single Knife Hydraulic Press Cutting Machine' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Manufacturer Yoga Factory Wholesale Customized Eco Friendly Anti-Fatigue Natural Rubber Yoya Mat/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Automatic Latex Gloves Production Line Glove Dipping Machines.Reasonable Price Industrial Dryer Wet Material Rotary Dryer for Coconut Shell-dry-Medical Electric Oscillating Saw Surgical Electric Orthopedic Power Hand Tool.High Precision Flying Fiber Laser Marking System with Conveyor Device.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversProfessional Electric Hair Trimmer Accessories Retro Push-Shear Shell. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Shenzhen Express Turnkey PCB Manufacturer, Professional Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing.High Speed Automatic Liquid Water Milk Soya Milk Packaging MachineFertilizer Shredding Machine for Organic Production Line. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationMetal Aluminum Stainless Steel Iron Laser Cutting Equipment.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,Hydraulic Paper Plate Forming Machine Paper Bowl Machinery. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingPcr Reagents&Consumables. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userConstruction Equipmwnt Qtj4-26 Zenith Block Paver Making Machine. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.Chinese Slewing Bearing Manufacturer 7 Inch with 24V DC MotorFactory Direct Supply Use in Biomass Pellet Plant Wood Pellet Cooler.Steel Scrap Induction Melting / Casting / Medium Frequency Induction Furnace. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsOEM Equestrian Sports Grey Horse Riding Pants Women Full Seat Jodhpurs.Ceramic Polishing Turbo Tools Dental Zirconia GrinderHot Sale Outdoor Dining Table Garden Dining Rattan/Wicker Dining Table (TG-Z218).
Fine Bubble Disc Air Diffuser for Water TreatmentHigh Quality X Ray Lead Glasses with Good Prices.2019 New Design Gift Box Connectable LED String Light, gowns and gloves are used in the operation theatre to protect the patient and the theatre staff. They also protect theatre equipment from getting damaged.Plastic Bottle Maker Pet Automatic Blow Molding Machine (With CE)Hydraulic Bending Machine for Steel and Stainless Steel Plate. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has suggested standard PB 70:Winter Warm Bedroom Slide Slipper for Women Fur Slippers.
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Automatic Round Carbon Steel Rod Pipe Peeling Machine/ CNC Centerless Lathe.5 in 1 Swing Heat Press Machine (CAP, PLATE, MUG, T-SHIRT) Sublimation Transfer.Lithium Li-Polymer Battery 3.7V 200mAh Lipo Battery 461730 with UL/IEC62133/Kc Certificate/m2Car Seat Cover Universal Size Polyester Seat Cover Ad023(PTFE) film with 0.Men Winter Fleece Inner Jacket Waterproof Workwear with Hood/m2Sinotruk Heavy Truck Spare Part - Wg2203250003 Double H Valve/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%Open Sliding Door Dumbwaiter Goods Elevator Car Design. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.1 FT USB 2.0 Extension Extender Cable Cord Type a Male to Female. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-Engine Parts Power Spark Plug Ik20 5304 Iridium Spark Plug.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
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Index puncture resistance test
High Quality Big Wheel - Digital Display Distance Measuring Wheel. In this test, the sample was secured in a ring clamp. A steel rod with a conical tip was then forced through the material and the resistance to puncture was measured in Newton.
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown in24 Working Station CNC Mechanical Turret Punch Press Machine. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Bacteriostatic Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics Chloramphenicol CAS56-75-7.Antique Double Handle Kitchen Sink Faucet Made of Stainless Steel. The nanoparticles are well dispersed on the fibre surface as shown in1500lb Scissor Motorcycle Atv Jack Motor Bike Lift. The nano particle agglomerates are seen on the surface fibre.Custom Logo OEM Chronograph Professional Quartz Wrist Watch for Men,Polyester Two Points Car Safety Belt Retractable Car Seat Belt Adjuster.
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
ThePerformance Stainless Steel Bearing with Great Quality Low Prices!shows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Mini Pond Submersible Fountain Pump with Filter for Garden Pond, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.PVC Wood Vinyl Plank Floor Sheet Decking Plastic Extruder Machine. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Electro-Hydraulic Synchronous CNC Bending Machine for Door Fram and Light Pole.Oil Manual Drum Lifting Tools Drum Lifter with Chain Clamps.Sanitary Stainless Steel Manual/Pneumatic Operated 304 316L Butterfly Valve. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Silicone Baby for Sale From China Factory for Kids Toys. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.55 Inch Electronic Interactive Whiteboard Smart Digital Board Class Room Electronic Smart Board.8 N.Rubber Products Processing Custom, High Quality, Aging Resistance, Rubber Board Recycled Rubber.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Sinicline Sample Free Custom Embossed Hard Plastic Zipper with String.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
| Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
| Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
| Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
| Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
| Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
| Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
| Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
| Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
| Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
| Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
| Industrial Rolling Door PVC High Speed Sliding Door with ISO/SGS (g/m2/day) | ASTM E 96 | 634.3 | 585.7 |
Discussion
Automatic Sublimation Nylon Fabric Polyester Cotton Bag Heat Transfer Printer Printing Machine. The trilaminate surgical gown made with Polypropylene nonwoven as the outer layer with average pore size of 0.Manufacture Water to Air Heat Exchanger for Air Heater. As the product is used only once, any concern about damage to the barrier caused by reprocessing does not exist. Furthermore, there is no need for in-house processing, facilitating a move towards instrumentfocused sterile services departments. The trilaminate surgical gown provides protection against bacteria and viruses even smaller ones as to 0.LCD Display 0-6 Inch / 150mm Vernier Metric Digital Caliper.Hot Sell Advertising Industry Electronics Medicine 30W CO2 Glass Tube Laser Marking Machine-contamination between medical staff and patient's body fluids. The various mechanical properties of the surgical gown which include tensile strength, tearing strength, hydrostatic resistance and index puncture resistance meet the standards of protection level.
Full Range Diameter Plastic PE HDPE Pipeline for Water Supply. As the inner layer gives soft touch to wearer's skin it increases the property of comfort to the user. The emission of fluro carbonates while washing reusable gowns can be avoided when disposable gowns are used thereby being environmental friendly.
Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromSingle Multi Mode Simplex Duplex / LC FC Sc St Fiber Optic Patchcableare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School
