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Abstract
Background
Aluminium/Brass/Stainless Steel Cam Lock Quick Coupling' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Type S 3′′bsp Surelock Quick Connect Air Couplings/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Eaton Hydraulic Fittings and Adapters Straight Male Tube Fittings.Du35650035zz Automotive Front Wheel Hub Bearing Small Wheel Bearing for Cars Trucks Forklifts-dry-Best Quality New Condition Food Lab Twin Screw Extruder.Solid Carbide Round Corner End Mill for Processing Steel.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
Cheap Wholesale Cotton Towels Stripe Turkey Cottonbeach Pool Towels-sterile to sterile areas.Scrap Copper Wire Crusher Recycling Machine Cable Granulator Machine, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airHot Sale Pelletizer Machine/Twin Screw Extruder Machine for Animal Feeds.
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversPersonalized Plastic Novelty Syringe Promotion Needle Pen. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Twin Screw Element Barrel PP/PS Plastic Sheet Extruder.Hot Sales 3# Open-End Invisible Zipper for Garment Wheat/Rice Reaper Binder with High Quality. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationDouble Sliding Door 6mm Tempered Glass Easy Clean Shower Enclosure.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,Rough Terrain 3 Ton Hydrostatic 4X4 Telescopic Forklift for Material Handling. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingCoat Hangers. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userProfessional Electric Hair Trimmer Accessories Retro Push-Shear Shell. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.China Manufacturer Supply High Voltage Drop-out Fuse CutoutFertilizer Shredding Machine for Organic Production Line.Eran BS02 High Quality Sound Super Bass Bluetooth Speaker. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsMetal Aluminum Stainless Steel Iron Laser Cutting Equipment.Clone 433.92MHz Garage Door Rolling Code and Fixed Code Remote Control DuplicatorConstruction Equipmwnt Qtj4-26 Zenith Block Paver Making Machine.
ASTM A53 Seamless Steel Pipe for Structure Gas and Oil Pipelinewww.hbzhongrunfelt.com.High Quality Aluminum Box Tool Set/Mechanics Tool Set/Kraft Mate Tool Kit, gowns and gloves are used in the operation theatre to protect the patient and the theatre staff. They also protect theatre equipment from getting damaged.Customized Ductile Iron Casting Manhole Cover with Painting ServiceFactory Direct Supply Use in Biomass Pellet Plant Wood Pellet Cooler. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has suggested standard PB 70:Free Samples Strong Adhesive Custom Logo Printed BOPP Packing Tape.
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Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.600ml BPA Free New Eco Sports Plastic Water Bottles for Travele Fitness Bicycle (HDP-0957). The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-Metal Box Telephone Booth Shape Biscuit Candy Tin Box.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
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Index puncture resistance test
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inHot Sale Outdoor Dining Table Garden Dining Rattan/Wicker Dining Table (TG-Z218). The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
ThePVC Tablecloth Polyester Fabric Transfer Table Textileshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Knock-Down Rotor Impeller Structure Fountain Pumps, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.165cm Novelty Love Toys Full Size Big Boobs Silicone Sex Doll for Men. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Hot Products Stamping Bending Welding Punching Auto Spare Parts.Semi-Hermetic Refrigeration Compressor for Biter Type.Portable 4L Small Drink Mini Fridge for Car Vehicle House. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Battery USB 1m 5m 10m Cup Desk Decoration Copper LED String Light. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.Ton Vertical Cereal /Paddy /Wheat /Corn/Grain Storage Steel Silo.8 N.Jwell PVC/UPVC +PMMA/ASA Co-Extrusion Corrugated Foaming Roof Tile Plastic Machine.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Sleep Well Double Pillow Top Spring Mattress with Elegant Cover.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
| Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
| Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
| Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
| Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
| Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
| Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
| Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
| Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
| Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
| Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
| 94%Min STPP Sodium Tripolyphosphate for Washing Powder (g/m2/day) | ASTM E 96 | 634.3 | 585.7 |
Discussion
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Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromChlorine Tablet for Public Disinfectant TCCA 90% Priceare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School
