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Abstract
Background
24 Working Station CNC Mechanical Turret Punch Press Machine' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Factory Price for Viton/Natural/EPDM/Neoprene/Nitrile/Butyl/SBR Safety Rubber Sheet Matting/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Factory Best Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose CMC for Oil Drilling.Easy installation and duration steel grating for stair treads-dry-Healong Brand Logo Sports Clothing Gear Embroidery Logo Sublimation Men′s Caps.Dt88 Mens Watch Stainless Steel Watch Sleep Monitoring Sedentary Reminder Blood Pressure Smart Watch.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
Professionalism Experience High Quality Cookbook Printing-sterile to sterile areas.Imagery Thermal Insulation Sliding Aluminum Window with Mosquito Net, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airCosmetic Empty Bb Cushion Compact Powder Case with Mirror.
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversMts Accelerator Pedal Electric Car Vehicles Spare Parts. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Chinese Supplier Eco-Friendly Wide Mouth Plastic Acrylic Cosmetic Jar.Best Price High Quality New Type IEC Cee Industrial Connector 32A 3p+N+E IP67Extruded Polyurethane Foam Board Sheet Extrusion Machine. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contamination2019 Hot Sale PP Woven Block Bottom Cement Valve Bag.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,PE PVC Single Wall Corrugated Pipe Extrusion Line. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingCustom Belt Stopper. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userContemporary Unique Sanitary Ware Kitchen Sink Faucets. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.Conference System Meeting Room Voting Microphone with LoudspeakerCustom Brand Minimalist RFID Leather Bifold Unisex Wallet.Cotton Polyester Protective Reflective Safety Workwear Coverall with Cheap Price. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsGold Anodizing Aluminium 6061 Precision CNC Turning Parts/CNC Lathe Parts.Construction Rock Wool Sandwich Panel /Roof Rock Wool Partition/Rock Wool Wall BoardHailar Smart Dimmer Switch European WiFi Smart Touch Switch.
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Supply DIN580 Eye Bolt From Qingdao Rigging Factory.5mm Thickness PVC Foam Sheet for Promotion Advertisement.Modern Design Professional Makeup Display Stand for Shop/m2High Speed Automatic Flatbed Digital Cutter with Servo Cutter(PTFE) film with 0.Solar Charge Controller MPPT 40A 12V/24V for Lead Acid Battery/m2China Gift Items Ceramic 350ml Christmas Mug Breakfast Milk Cup Decal Mug/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%Solid PU Wheel with Spoke Color and Rim (18*8.50-8). Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Flexible Correct Posture Shoulder Posture Back Brace. The nano finished sample was mounted on the specimen stub with double sided adhesive tape and coated with gold in a sputter coater and examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope using Jeol model JSM 6360.
Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.Vacuum Brazed Diamond Saw Blade for Cutting Marble Glass. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-Fashion Glitter Sequined Star Pattern Handbag Lady Small Sling Bag.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
Level 5 Cut Resistant Aramid Steel Wire Knitted Mechanical Gloves. One surface of the test specimen was subjected to a hydrostatic pressure, increasing at a constant rate, until three points of leakage appeared on its other surface.
Index puncture resistance test
Automatic Latex Gloves Production Line Glove Dipping Machines. In this test, the sample was secured in a ring clamp. A steel rod with a conical tip was then forced through the material and the resistance to puncture was measured in Newton.
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inFlg RF/Rtj Triple Eccentric Butterfly Valve with Pneumatic Operator. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
The75% Duty Cycle Lifting Electromagnet for Loading Steel Scrapsshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.2000ton Bright Copper Wire Continuous Casting Machine, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.Full Automatic Combination Weighing Packing Machine Jy-420A. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Elastic Headband Sport Transfer Printing Custom Bandana.Shenzhen Express Turnkey PCB Manufacturer, Professional Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing.High Speed Automatic Liquid Water Milk Soya Milk Packaging Machine. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Hydraulic Paper Plate Forming Machine Paper Bowl Machinery. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.Chinese Slewing Bearing Manufacturer 7 Inch with 24V DC Motor.8 N.Steel Scrap Induction Melting / Casting / Medium Frequency Induction Furnace.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Ceramic Polishing Turbo Tools Dental Zirconia Grinder.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
| Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
| Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
| Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
| Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
| Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
| Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
| Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
| Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
| Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
| Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
| Fine Bubble Disc Air Diffuser for Water Treatment (g/m2/day) | ASTM E 96 | 634.3 | 585.7 |
Discussion
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Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromHigh Quality New Practical Portable HS-600 Stainless Cable Ties Toolare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School
