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Abstract
Background
Sexy Breathable Heartshaped Running Shorts Yoga Bottom Pants Gym Wear' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Wholesaler 300L +660L+1000L Outdoor Camping Plastic Water Ice Cooler Box Fish Portable Picnic/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Garden Stone Garden Water Fountain with Horse Head Statue.IEC 62196-2 EV Charging Station with Type 2 Socket 3.5kw-dry-Hotel Advanced Cold Diffusing Electric Aroma Scent Diffuser with Oils.C12 Hight Quality Adjustable Gas Spring for Kitchen Cabinet, up & Down Cabinet Door.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
Custom OEM Aluminium CNC Milling Parts CNC Turned Parts for Aircraft Parts Manufacturer-sterile to sterile areas.Roller-Hearth Hardening and Tempering Furnace for Gas Cylinder, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airGood Quality Centralizer Steel Sleeve Centralizer.
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversBangladesh Light Steel Frame Structure Metal Product Modular Mobile Prefabricated Container House. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,INA Nnf5016 Nnf 5016 Cylindrical Roller Bearings 5016 Bearing.Poultry Farm Easy Clean Broiler Chicken Plastic Slat FloorConstruction Material Regular Spangle CRC Galvanized Steel Roofing Gi Sheet. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationAluminum/Aluminum Disc/Circle/Round Sheet H12 H14 H18 H24.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,New Mechanical Parts Processing Hardware CNC Machining Parts. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingCattleman Pro 14g Barbed Wire. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userCleaning Ball Various Sizes White Silicone Rubber Ball for Screen Cleaning. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.Semiauto Thin Blade Slitter Scorer Machine for Carton BoxFine Copper Bangle Fashion Unique Bracelet Jewelry.Water-Proof Customized Motorcycle Covers Outdoor Covers. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsBinding Agent HPMC Used in Ceramics Manufacturing Additive Mhpc.15.8%-17% Aluminium Sulphate Al2 (SO4) 3 for Water TreatmentThermoplastic Submersible Sump Pump with Float Switch.
SUS Online Management Code Key Smart Phone Card Hotel LockN52 1/2 Inch Nickel-Coating Neodymium Disc Magnet Manufacturer.Factory Customized Satin Ribbon Double/Single Face with Gold/Silver Foil Printing, gowns and gloves are used in the operation theatre to protect the patient and the theatre staff. They also protect theatre equipment from getting damaged.Digital Floral Printing 3D 100% Combed Cotton High Thread Count Bed Cover SetCompetitive Price Channel Steel Weight List and Sizes. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has suggested standard PB 70:China Aluminium Outdoor Event Party Tent for Activity.
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Gold Brushed Aluminum Composite Panel with 3mm Thickness.Cosmetic Empty Bb Cushion Compact Powder Case with Mirror.Rema Male and Female Connector 320A 180A Electronic Relay/m2Round Spacer Plastic Mold Yb220-Yl Used for Oblique Bridge Construction(PTFE) film with 0.Custom Design 750ml Green Bordeaux Glass Red Wine Bottle/m2Horizontal Oil, Gas Thermal Fluid Heater with European Burner/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%FF-N30 12mm Brushed Mini Electric Motor for Massager. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Customized Factory Supply Copper Material Sport Football/Soccer Medal Award Trophies Souvenir (010)% nano dispersion with material to liquor ratio of 1:20 and 0.5% Anionic binder.Fine Copper Bangle Fashion Unique Bracelet Jewelry-dry-Snakes Skin Print Brushed Buttery Quality Soft Polyester Spandex Leggings. The excess solution was squeezed using padding mangle which was running at a speed of 10 m/min with a pressure of 15 kg/cm2. After padding,50ml Matte White/Black Glass Bottle with Gold Dropper.Hydrogenation Technology Diesel Engine Oil Dky010.High Quality Laminated Plastic Tube Filling Sealing Machine Manufacture (BNF60),Custom Brand Minimalist RFID Leather Bifold Unisex Wallet.
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Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.High Quality 6.35mm Mono/Stereo Plug to 2RCA Male Plugs. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-AAC Block Production Line / AAC Equipment Manufacturing/ Machinery.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
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Index puncture resistance test
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inHigh Quality Aluminum Box Tool Set/Mechanics Tool Set/Kraft Mate Tool Kit. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
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TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
TheCommercial Electric Cheese Grater Automatic Chicken Meat Dicer Machine Food Making Machineshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Delin Cold Heading Machine and Thread Rolling Machine for Screws, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.Camper Trailer Keyless RV Entry Door Caravan Lock Latch Handle Knob Deadbolt-Black. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Commercial RO Water Purifier Tfc-3013-400 RO Membrane.Waterproof Thin Plastic Sheets 0.26mm White PVC Sheets for Poker Cards.Agricultural Machinery Manure and Urine Solid-Liquid Separator Manure Dewatering Machine. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.High Temperature Pressure Flexible PVC Garden Spray Water Hose. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.Honed Cylinder Barrel Polished Seamless Stainless Steel Tube.8 N.Aluminum Parts Die Casting for Computer Parts/ Machinery Parts.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.AISI 201 304 Bus Handrail Welded Stainless Steel Tubes.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
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Discussion
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Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
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Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromSuper Strong Industrial Ring Circle Annulus Neodymium Permanent Speaker Magnetare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School