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Abstract
Background
ISO9001 & CE Certificated White Carbon Black Powder Shredder' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Paper Wrapped Disposable Striped Flexible Plastic Drinking Straw/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Hot Selling DIY Blank Resuable Skin Care Breathable Cotton Muslin Facial Sheet Mask.China Manufacturing CNC Machining Aluminum LED Flashlight Parts-dry-Outdoor Generator Transfer Switch Auto/Manual Power Transfer Switch.White Color IP20 30LEDs SMD5050 Chip 7.2W DC12V LED Strip.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
Custom Made Lithium Cell Battery Holder Connector for Cr2477-sterile to sterile areas.Vitamin K3 Msb CAS130-37-0 Vitamins and Additives Good Manufacturing Practice, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airCommercial RO Water Purifier Tfc-3013-400 RO Membrane.
4mm White Black Decorative Waterproof PVC Foam Board. Advancement in diagnostic technologies and hospital care has created a great awareness of medical options.No Ear Type Plastic Sm Duplex LC/APC Fiber Optic AdapterWholesale Membrane Keypad Lenses with UL Certification. The nature of activities in the surgical environment creates an opportunity for gowns to be challenged by body fluids such as blood,2015 China Latest Technology Bottle Can Making MachineNatuzzi Recliner Sofa Parts. The necessity of barrier protection and the adherence to federal regulations and professional guidelines make single-10m Self Adhesive Reflective Material Reflective Tape for Road Sign. Barrier properties are of great importance with the shift from user comfort and cost to user and patient protection.Ce Certified RO Water Filter System / Water Treatment / Purification Machine-organisms from non-sterile to sterile areas.Factory Price New Design 32 42 50 Inches Smart LED TV Television2 Flutes Spiral Corner Radius End Mills for Aluminium.
Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversAutomatic Round Carbon Steel Rod Pipe Peeling Machine/ CNC Centerless Lathe. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Ventilating Aluminium Louvre Shutter Bracket Gallery in Silver/Brown/Black/White Color.Best Selling Mini Bluetooth Wireless Earphone with 3300mAh Charger Case Power Bank 2-in-1European Standard Peb High-Rise Structural Steel Work. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contamination10g Accuracy and 50kg 100kgs 200kgs Rated Load Weight Scale Digital.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,Automatic Inflatable Lifejacket Safety Vest 275n with Good Quality. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingPurchasing Magnet. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userOutdoor IP65 LED Flood Light 10W 20W 30W 50W 100W High Power LED Floodlight. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.High Temperature Resistance White Fused Silica Ceramic PotCustomized Gasket Silicone Rubber Seal O Ring for Instrument Electronic Equipment.OEM Waterproof Travel Mummy Baby Changing Feeder Diaper Bag. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsHigh Quality New Practical Portable HS-600 Stainless Cable Ties Tool.China Manufacturer Single Use Blue Hospital Reinforced Surgical Gown with Knitted Cuff3bbl Brite Servicing Tank Beer Brewery Equipment Unitank.
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12V High Durable Electric Car Lifting Scissor Jack 1t, 2t.Sg300sde Sutomatic Stand up Resealable Pouch Filling Packing Machine.22t Automatic Wood Shredder Machine Log Splitter Firewood Processor/m2Supermarket Store Gondola Metal Storage Display Equipment Stand Shelf Rack(PTFE) film with 0.Outdoor Steel Handle Adjustable Length Weightlifting Sports Skipping Jump Rope with Ball Bearing/m2Automatic Deep Fried Tortilla Chips Processing Line Machine/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%China High Efficiency Longi Bi-Perc Double Glass Double Electric Mono Solar Panel 300W. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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High Quality Rubber Steel Sole Steel Toe Foot Protection Labour Rubber Boots% nano dispersion with material to liquor ratio of 1:20 and 0.5% Anionic binder.Rigging Hardware DIN1480 Zinc Plated Carbon Steel Turnbuckle-dry-China Elbow Plastic Quick Connect Pneumatic Air Fittings. The excess solution was squeezed using padding mangle which was running at a speed of 10 m/min with a pressure of 15 kg/cm2. After padding,Integrated Yellow Flashing LED Module Road Safety Solar Flashing Light.Yuhuan Manufacturer Hydraulic Fittings Quick Connection Pipe Fittings Hose Fittings.Vintage Antique 925 Sterling Silver Jewelry Ring Rose Gold Plated Jewellery with Zirconia,FLG Shower Set Antique Finish Bathroom Bath Wall Mount.
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Fully-Auto Ultrasonic Non Woven Outer Mask Ear Loop Welding Machine. The nano finished sample was mounted on the specimen stub with double sided adhesive tape and coated with gold in a sputter coater and examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope using Jeol model JSM 6360.
Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.Factory Ribbon Handle Cheap Shopping Paper Bag with Customized Gift Package. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-UL/VDE/CCC/Kc Metal Switch Used in Industrial Machines.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
Multi Sensor Nilitary Surveillance Thermal Imaging Security camera. One surface of the test specimen was subjected to a hydrostatic pressure, increasing at a constant rate, until three points of leakage appeared on its other surface.
Index puncture resistance test
High-Weight 120 GSM Fast Dry Sublimation Paper for Textile Printing. In this test, the sample was secured in a ring clamp. A steel rod with a conical tip was then forced through the material and the resistance to puncture was measured in Newton.
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inCNC Horizontal Milling Machine Xk6040 with Dividing Head. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
The160 Short Pitch Precision Roller Chain High Tensile Strength Roller Chainshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.2019 New Oversize Mask Fashion Best Selling Plastic Sunglasses, Item No. Kp90020, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.OEM Rechargealbe 60V 100ah LiFePO4 Customized Battery Pack for Logistics Vehicles Agv Robots. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Reflective Sticker PVC Car Sticker Made for Reflective Tape.Commercial Office Coffee Machine/Coffee Machine Espresso.Prefabricated Steel Structure Designed Poultry House. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.5 Inch Turbo Masonry Diamond Blade, General Purpose Dry or Wet Cutting for Porcelain, Masonry, Concrete.. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.5 Inch Color Printing Waterproof Reusable Fabric Ice Bag.8 N.Rubber Powder Grinding Machine for Waste Tyre Recycling.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Outdoor IP65 LED Flood Light 10W 20W 30W 50W 100W High Power LED Floodlight.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
| Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
| Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
| Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
| Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
| Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
| Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
| Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
| Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
| Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
| Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
| D30X10X5mm Sintered Anti Oxidation Circular Magnet for Industry with Hole (g/m2/day) | ASTM E 96 | 634.3 | 585.7 |
Discussion
SGS Test Nitrogen Filled Lift up Cabinet Gas Spring. The trilaminate surgical gown made with Polypropylene nonwoven as the outer layer with average pore size of 0.Hight Quantity Micropore Tfc-3012-300gpd RO Membrane. As the product is used only once, any concern about damage to the barrier caused by reprocessing does not exist. Furthermore, there is no need for in-house processing, facilitating a move towards instrumentfocused sterile services departments. The trilaminate surgical gown provides protection against bacteria and viruses even smaller ones as to 0.High-Quality Fireproof Sound Insulation Building Wall Boards/Panels for Factory/Offices/Dormitory.Custom Die Struck Brass Fiesta Badge Enamel Medal with Glitter as Gift (043)-contamination between medical staff and patient's body fluids. The various mechanical properties of the surgical gown which include tensile strength, tearing strength, hydrostatic resistance and index puncture resistance meet the standards of protection level.
Fujian High Quality PE100 HDPE Pipe for Water Supply. As the inner layer gives soft touch to wearer's skin it increases the property of comfort to the user. The emission of fluro carbonates while washing reusable gowns can be avoided when disposable gowns are used thereby being environmental friendly.
Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromPCB /PCBA Product Engineering Design Manufacture Servicesare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School
