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Abstract
Background
Manufacuring Oeko-Tex Standard Custom Meter Zipper' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Sludge Dewatering Stainless Steel Spacer for Oily Sludge Treatment/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Full Automatic Box Packaging Machinery for Fruit and Salad.China Factory Handmade Wool Rug Colorful Flora/Flower Design Living Room Carpet Tiles-dry-T-Handle to Operate Electrical Cabinet Lock Zinc Alloy Outdoor Communication Box Cabinet Lock.Plastic PVC Car Mat Door Mat Floor Mat Coil Mat Anti Slip Carpet Making Machine Manufacturer.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
K-Cup Coffee Powder Filling Sealing Machine K-Cup Packing Machine-sterile to sterile areas.Holo Pigment Holographic Laser Chrome Mirror Powder for Nail Art, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airOverfilled Microplush Super Soft Mattress Protector.
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregivers2011 Polished Mirror Wire Drawn Anodized Aluminium Alloy Sheet. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Metal Aluminum Stainless Steel Iron Laser Cutting Equipment.99% Purity Aspirin Acetylsalicylic Acid Powdre for Anti-Inflammatory 50-78-2Precision Spring Stainless Steel ASTM 201 202 304 316 430 Steel Strip. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationGreen Waterproof Particle Board/ Moisture Resistant Chipboard.
Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,Construction Equipment Robin Engine Water Pumps Price. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingChina Stainless Steel Piston Lift Type Check Valve. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userWaterproof Thin Plastic Sheets 0.26mm White PVC Sheets for Poker Cards. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.Korea 1ml 24mg/Ml Rejuvenation Ha Dermal Filler Hyaluronic Acid for LipsElectric Ride on Floor Washing Scrubber Dryer Machine.100% Tested 16-12/10 Fiber Optic Reducer Microduct Connector. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsDouble Planet Mixing Machine Silicone Rubber Mixer Machinery.Easy to Open Resealable Custom Printed Block Bottom Standing up Pouch for Bath Sea SaltFDA Ce Absorbent Disposable Baby Diaper Nappy Changing Bed Pad.
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Factory Wholesale Reach Standard Home and Office Furniture Fitting.High Quality Mirror for KIA Picanto Morning 2012-2013. Factory Directly. 87610-1y260/87620-1y260.100% Polyester Twill/PU Coating Pilot Bomber Jacket for Winter Season/m2Saving Cost Hand Feed Coal Steam Boiler Manufacturer(PTFE) film with 0.Coating Grade Ruitile Titanium Dioxide with Great Weatherability/m22019 New Plastic PS Extruder Foam Sheet Extrusion Machine/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%Touch Screen Outer Front Glass Lens for iPhone6s Plus Replacement. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Automatic Control Environmental Test Chambers, Temperature Shock Test Chamber. The nano finished sample was mounted on the specimen stub with double sided adhesive tape and coated with gold in a sputter coater and examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope using Jeol model JSM 6360.
Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.10 Inch PP Pleated Filter/Water Filter Element PP Membrane Filter for Food and Beverage Filtration. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-CE Approved Electric Frieplace/Fireplace Mantel (MF-SY).
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
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Index puncture resistance test
Desktop Semi Automatic Beer Cans Labeling Machine Factory Price. In this test, the sample was secured in a ring clamp. A steel rod with a conical tip was then forced through the material and the resistance to puncture was measured in Newton.
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inCustomized LED Aluminum/Aluminium Extrusion Profile Channel for Office Linear Lighting. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
TheWholesale Rubber Flooring New Type Horse Cow Stable Rubber Matshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Polyester/PP Needle Punched Nonwoven Geotextile Fabric 200GSM, Good Price, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.Longxiang Custom Plastic Injection Molding with High Quality. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Sh-F5X8 Egg Tray Machine Multilayer Metal Dryer.Hydraulic Side Opening Electric Hose Crimper with Die Sets.Big Chocolate Storage Holding Tank, Chocolate Buffer Tank. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Laptop Cover CO2 Laser Engraving Marking Machine 300X300mm. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.Bicycle Pedal, Aluminum Pedal Mountain Bicycle Parts Light Weight Bike Pedals.8 N.10ml Changing Color Glass Wooden Cap Car Perfume Essential Oil Diffuser Bottle.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Single Screw Co-Rotating Companding Pipe PVC PP PE LDPE Plastic Twin Screw Extruder.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
| Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
| Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
| Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
| Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
| Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
| Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
| Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
| Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
| Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
| Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
| Industrial Axial Fan Big Airflow High Speed 12038 120mm 5 Inch Ventilation Exhaust DC Fan (g/m2/day) | ASTM E 96 | 634.3 | 585.7 |
Discussion
Lost Wax-Investment-Precision-Alloy /Carbon /Metal/Stainless Steel Casting. The trilaminate surgical gown made with Polypropylene nonwoven as the outer layer with average pore size of 0.Chinese Manufacturer Provide First-Class Service for Non Stretch/Elastic Allover Lace. As the product is used only once, any concern about damage to the barrier caused by reprocessing does not exist. Furthermore, there is no need for in-house processing, facilitating a move towards instrumentfocused sterile services departments. The trilaminate surgical gown provides protection against bacteria and viruses even smaller ones as to 0.Factory Direct Supply Heat Patch for Chronic Prostatitis.Rugged LCD Touch Screen Kiosk Monitor with VGA and DVI for Commercial Use-contamination between medical staff and patient's body fluids. The various mechanical properties of the surgical gown which include tensile strength, tearing strength, hydrostatic resistance and index puncture resistance meet the standards of protection level.
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Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles from230X280mm White Aluminum Oxide Sand Paper for Stainless Steelare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School
