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Abstract

Background

Commercial Electric Cheese Grater  Automatic Chicken Meat Dicer Machine  Food Making Machine' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.

Objectives

To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)Auto Ignition Coil for Toyota Landcruiser 1grfe Engine Parts 90919-02256/m2.

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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.IC Ultra-Thin Mobile Phone Sticker Access Card Copy.Water Proof Honeycomb Paper Cardboard Steel Wood Panel Door Glue-dry-Rechargeable Battery Sealed Lead Acid Battery Sunstone Brand 12V 250ah Solar Battery.DTH Bit Guide Drill Bit Button Drill Bit for Bore Well Drilling Machine.

Results

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Conclusions

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Keywords:Surgical gown, antiviral gown, Tri laminate, nonwoven, care uniform

Introduction

Iron Ball Bearing Heavy Butt Door Hinge for Wooden Door-sterile to sterile areas.Automatic / Electrical / Motorized Aluminum Rolling Garage Door, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airStainless Steel 3 Way Flange Direct Mounting Pad Ball Valve.

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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversTransparent Square PS Box Mould Plastic Cosmetic Container Lid Injection Mold. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Medical Psa Oxygen Plant Cylinder Filling System for Hospital.Wholesale Custom Embroidery Border Hook and Loop Backing Woven PatchesWaterproof Microfiber Double Layer Insulated Thermal Pizza Bag Picnic Bag. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationAntique Stainless Steel Sheets Thailand 430 Stainless Steel Sheet.

Fluid resistance clothing needs to be used,Yvonne Brazilian Human Virgin Hair Lace Frontal 13.5*4 Malaysian Curl. The impact of AIDS and other contagious diseases creates the need of such protective clothingGood Insulation Performance Precision Zirconia/Alumina Ceramics Screw. The protective material also needs to be water proof but breathable to provide comfort to the userType S 3′′bsp Surelock Quick Connect Air Couplings. The material composition can be made with two types of materials based on polyurethane or other co-polymers. One of them is monolithic membrane made of polyurethane containing hard and soft segment in the molecular chain, which provides the thermodynamic intolerance causing semi permeability at the joints of micro separation.Skrg_850 HDPE Large Diameter Spiral Pipe Production LineBox Profile Wall Cladding/Polyester Coated Corrugated Roofing Sheet.Round DOT Wholesale Horse Stall Mat Equine Rubber Tile Cow Rubber Flooring Mats for Animal Stable. The melt blown web provides a barrier impervious to bacteria and other contaminantsDry Sandblast Room Sandblaster Chamber Industrial Sand Blast Cabinet.Professional Electric Hair Trimmer Accessories Retro Push-Shear ShellMini Rubber Mixing Mills Banbury Dispersion Kneaders Machine for Laboratory.

Office Light Suspended Linear Light LED New Indoor LightingBaby Feeding High Chair Baby Plastic Highchair 3 in 1 Chair.Fashionable Horseshoe Solar Road Stud/Cat Eye/Road Marker, gowns and gloves are used in the operation theatre to protect the patient and the theatre staff. They also protect theatre equipment from getting damaged.120dB Germany Personal Alarm Anti Rape Anti Panic Alarm with Belt KeyringCustomizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has suggested standard PB 70:Automatic Wire/Cable Both Ends Cutting Stripping Crimping Machine.

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Green Artificial Vertical Garden Wall Plant for Interior Exterior Landscaping Decoration Design.28mm China High Quality Supplier Screw Cannon Cap for Bottle.Latex Examination Gloves Machinery Latex Glove Production Line Machinery/m22019 Summer Cheap Good Quality Custom Printing Cotton Short Sleeve Black T Shirt with Your Logo(PTFE) film with 0.Modern Leisure Yellow PU Leather Softpad Office Chair/m2a-One Standard Copper Electrode Holder Compatible Erowa Er-010644/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%Construction Equipment Mini Digger Engine Spare Parts Full Gasket Kit For YANMAR 4TNV84. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.

Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion

The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.

Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion

The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.

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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.

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Plastic AWG12-24 Waterproof Electrical 2-8 Pin Wire Plug Connectors% nano dispersion with material to liquor ratio of 1:20 and 0.5% Anionic binder.Liyuan 4 Inch Stainless Steel Impeller Submersible Water Pumps-dry-Customized Automotive 4/5 Way Trailer Light Wire Harness. The excess solution was squeezed using padding mangle which was running at a speed of 10 m/min with a pressure of 15 kg/cm2. After padding,Manufacturers Promotional Blank Dog Tag Bone Stainless Steel Metal.Factory Direct Supply Use in Biomass Pellet Plant Wood Pellet Cooler.Aluminum Foil for Cable and Building Heat Insulation Material,3 Layers 3000L Plastic Blow Molding Machine/Blowing Moulding Machiery.

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Ck-32L Factory Sale High Precision Slant Bed CNC Lathe. The nano finished sample was mounted on the specimen stub with double sided adhesive tape and coated with gold in a sputter coater and examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope using Jeol model JSM 6360.

Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test

To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.Stainless Steel Cooking Pot for Sale (China Supplier). The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-925 Sterling Silver Gold-Plating Earrings Zircon Lamp Stud Earrings.

Tensile and tearing strength

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Hydrostatic resistance test

Customizable Laptop Sleeve Computer Case Bag for MacBook Air 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Inch. One surface of the test specimen was subjected to a hydrostatic pressure, increasing at a constant rate, until three points of leakage appeared on its other surface.

Index puncture resistance test

Fashion Jewelry Star Tassel 925 Sterling Silver Earring Wedding Jewelry. In this test, the sample was secured in a ring clamp. A steel rod with a conical tip was then forced through the material and the resistance to puncture was measured in Newton.

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Results

Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM

The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inFancy Fashion Dress Costumes Kids Commuion Dress Girls Clothes. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.

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Disposable Vape Pen 1.4ml Capacity Multi Flavour Disposable Pod Device.Industrial Heavy Duty Selective Steel Teardrop Pallet Rack. The nanoparticles are well dispersed on the fibre surface as shown inFiber Optic Cable Production Line. The nano particle agglomerates are seen on the surface fibre.Diesel Generator Silent 100kVA Diesel Generator 80kw Generator Price,Waterproof Tactical Men′s Combat Army Windbreaker Outdoor Soft Shell Jacket Coat.

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Object name is AFHS1302-0327Fig4.jpg

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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown

The120dB Germany Personal Alarm Anti Rape Anti Panic Alarm with Belt Keyringshows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Custom Travel Mom Diaper Bag Large Capacity Mummy Baby Backpack, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.Water Resistant Composite Paper Fruit Cover Insect Preventing Wrapping Bag. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Commercial Excellent Quality Gym Fitness Equipment Seated Shoulder Pull.Four Size Automatic High Precision Wood Panel Table Saw Cutting Machine.High Quality Removable Flange Thermal Insulation Jacket. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Carbon Steel Highway Guardrail Cold Roll Forming Making Machine. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.HDMI Conference Equipment Portable Visual Present with USB.8 N.12oz Matte Black Mug, Matte Finsihed Black Mug, 12oz Coffee Mug, Matte Black Coffee Mug.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Wholesale ABS Housing Ceiling Mounted PIR Motion Sensor for Burglar Alarm System.

Table 1

Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown

Parameter (Unit)StandardSingle layer gownTrilaminate gown
Viral penetration testASTM F 1671FailPass
Tensile strength (N)ASTM D 5034: 2009
Machine direction130145
Cross direction(Grab)8694
Tearing strength710
Direction I (Cross wise tear)ASTM D 1424:2009
Direction II24
Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc)AATCC 127:200318502930
Index puncture resistance (N)ASTM D 483346.558.8
Industrial Fine Bubble Membrane Disc Air Diffusers for Waste Water
(g/m2/day)
ASTM E 96634.3585.7

Discussion

Brushed Anti Brass Bags/Handbags Dog Hook New Design. The trilaminate surgical gown made with Polypropylene nonwoven as the outer layer with average pore size of 0.Bridge Steel Structure Liquid Painting Line with Automatic Pretreatment. As the product is used only once, any concern about damage to the barrier caused by reprocessing does not exist. Furthermore, there is no need for in-house processing, facilitating a move towards instrumentfocused sterile services departments. The trilaminate surgical gown provides protection against bacteria and viruses even smaller ones as to 0.Stone Detector Flooring in Room Wall Glass Mosaic Tile.Personalized Gas Non-Stick Cast Iron Skillet Frying Pan-contamination between medical staff and patient's body fluids. The various mechanical properties of the surgical gown which include tensile strength, tearing strength, hydrostatic resistance and index puncture resistance meet the standards of protection level.

Excellent Condition, Original Painting, UK Origin Used Jcb 3cx Backhoe Loader. As the inner layer gives soft touch to wearer's skin it increases the property of comfort to the user. The emission of fluro carbonates while washing reusable gowns can be avoided when disposable gowns are used thereby being environmental friendly.

Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.

Conclusion

The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.

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Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown

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