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Abstract
Background
2-Cycle 60cc Quick-Stop Earth Auger Earth Drill Ground Driller Braked Earth Borer Hole Digger' uniforms including surgical gowns are used as barriers to eliminate the risk of infection for both doctor and patient. The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses in the patient population is very common.
Objectives
To develop antiviral surgical gown comprising of Polypropylene nonwoven as outer layer, Polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE)IMTEK High Precision and Rigidity Linear Guides for CNC machinery/m2.
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The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano dispersion was prepared with methylene blue and urea as a reacting medium. These nano particles have an average size of 9 nm which was revealed by High resolution transmission electron microscope.Wooden Design Waterproof Click WPC Vinyl Indoor Flooring.Custom Make Fastener Screw Connecter Brass Stainless Steel Material Parts-dry-Manufacturer Tungsten Carbide Extrusion Dies Wire Drawing Die.Easy to Carry Smartphone Ultrasound Machine USB Probe.
Results
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Conclusions
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Introduction
Ca Fast Response High Quality Fire Extinguisher Ball Price-sterile to sterile areas.Semicircle Eight-Grid Big Cushion Warmer Oval Eight-Grid Big Cushion Body Warmer, abrasion and punctures. Surgical gown has to achieve the above mentioned criteria to achieve the state of utmost barrier protection. According to these stipulations a surgical gown must meet the following criteria: (a) blood and aqueous fluid resistance, (b) abrasion resistance to eliminate bacterial penetration, and (c) lint free to reduce the number of particles in the airHigh Quality Removable Flange Thermal Insulation Jacket.
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Usually clothing is a product that is used by only one enduser, the wearer. However patient gowns are unique because they have two types of endusers - the patients and the caregiversCe Enhancement Gel Ha 10ml Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Filler Buttock Injection. The Hospital Association says that while the average visit to a community hospital has become shorter due to an aging population,Turbo Segment Diamond Saw Blade for Concrete Sawing.Continuous Work Polyester Sludge Dewatering Filter PressNewest Men Watches Popular Products Mens Custom Wood Watch. Materials used in surgical gowns should function as protective barriers against the transfer of micro-organisms, particulates and fluids to minimize penetration and the potential for personnel contaminationAutomatic Washing Filling Capping Bottling Packaging Equipment for Glass Bottle Beer.
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Stainless Steel Rotary Ultra Fine Ultrasonic Vibrating SieveHot Sale Screen Printing Machine with CCD for Ceramic Circuit.Laminated Material Clear Window Bag for Coffee Packaging Wholesale From China, gowns and gloves are used in the operation theatre to protect the patient and the theatre staff. They also protect theatre equipment from getting damaged.Stainless Steel Pipeline Pipe for Industry (304H 304L 316L 316TI)5X5m High Peak Tension Tent Party Frame Tent for Sale. Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) has suggested standard PB 70:Bamboo Baby Spoon Engraved Logo, Small Wooden Spoon for Promotion Gift.
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LiFePO4 Prismatic Pouch Cell 3.2V 10/20/30/40/50/100ah Flat LiFePO Lithium Battery for Electric Car.Ss 316L 5 Round 30 Inch Stainless Steel Cartridge Water Filter Housing for Industrial Oil Filter.Home Decoration Leather Cutting Machine CNC Digital Fabric Cutter Home Furnishing Cutting Machine/m2IP65 IP66 IP67 IP68 watertight electrical cable connector INT-EEG. 0K. 309. CLL. CLN(PTFE) film with 0.500W/700W Two Seats Electric Bike with Double Saddles/m2Mini Wheat/Rice Harvester Machine, Wheat/Rice Reaper Binder with High Quality/m2. Polypropylene is having a moisture regain of 0%Torch Head-MIG Torch Accessories Equivalents/Welding Accessories. Hence polypropylene is selected as outer layer for the surgical gown. Polyester is having a moisture regain of 0.4% which helps in absorption of sweat when used for longer duration. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle has photocatalytic action and singlet oxygen is produced by methelene blue.
Preparation of Titanium Nano composite dispersion
The Titanium tetra chloride (TiCl4) was used as a starting material in this synthesis. 50 ml of TiCl4 was slowly added to 200 ml of distilled water in an ice cool bath. The beaker was taken from the ice bath to room temperature. The beaker was kept in magnetic stirrer to get a homogeneous solution. Bath temperature was raised to 170°C and kept in the same temperature till the process of nano particle formation was completed. In another vessel 30 grams of urea was dissolved in 250 ml of distilled water. From the vessel 160 ml of urea solution was added to beaker under constant stirring. The solution turned into white colloid without any precipitation. 25 grams of Methylene blue was added to the titanium nano particles.
Characterisation of Titanium dioxide Nano composite dispersion
The characterisation of the nano particle was done using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) model JEOL JEM 2100. The HRTEM confirms the average size of nano particles.
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A 5×5mm swatch was cut from the nonwoven felt. Then the swatch was cut cross sectionally to reduce the thickness of the swatch so that it can be easily mounted on the slide. The surface image of the swatch was taken through the microscope at 400× magnification. Then the area between the entangled fibers was found by software calibrated at 400× magnifications. The average area of 100 readings was determined.
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Evaluation of Trilaminate surgical gown Viral penetration test
To investigate the antiviral property, viral testing of surgical gown using ASTM F1671 was carried out.Tie Down Straps Screen Printing Machine with CE Certificate. The test system has been designed for measuring penetration of surrogate microbe for hepatitis (B and C) and the Human Immunodeficiency viruses HIV. The surrogate Phi-Ground Solar Mounting System Rail Clamp with Free Sample.
Tensile and tearing strength
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Hydrostatic resistance test
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Index puncture resistance test
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Results
Characterization of Titanium dioxide nano composite dispersion using HRTEM
The morphology of TiO2 nanoparticle was revealed using HRTEM image shown inPower Adjustable UL Certificated Hydraulic Floor Spring Door Hinge HD-750d. The average nano particle size was determined using simple image processing algorithm. The average diameter of the nano particle is 9 nm.
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TEM image of TiO2Nano Particle
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Evaluation of trilaminate surgical gown
TheSheep Run Outdoor Activities Windproof Cold Weather Ski Face Mask Thermal Merino Wool Balaclavashows the result of various evaluations conducted on the single layer and trilaminate surgical gown.Medical Syringe Infusion Pump Equipment Infusion Pump HK-100I, which confirms that the gown has protection against the hepatitis (B and C), Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and surrogate Phi-X174 bacteriophage.Hot! Hycnc-3 Irregular Shape Cutter CNC Foam Contour Cutting Machine. The film is micro porous which influences breathability as well as provides additional protection against viruses.Cheap Wholesale Cotton Towels Stripe Turkey Cottonbeach Pool Towels.Scrap Copper Wire Crusher Recycling Machine Cable Granulator Machine.Manual Clay Soil Mud Brick Molding Making Machine, Interlocking Brick Machine. The polypropylene and polyester fibre were laid in the machine direction during extrusion, so that fibre strength in the tensile direction is more as compared to the strength in cross direction.Non Stick Teflon Fiberglass Sheet with Competitive Price. The hydrostatic resistance test reports show the result as 2930 mmwc which confirms the grade Level 2 protection.Top OEM Manufacturer Premium E-Juice for Electronic Cigarette.8 N.China Munufacturer LED Bulb Raw Material 80W LED Corn Light.7 g/m2/day which also confirms the gown requirements.Fluorine Lined Butterfly Valve Flanged Type Anti Corrosion.
Table 1
Results of various parameters of single layer versus Trilaminate surgical gown
Parameter (Unit) | Standard | Single layer gown | Trilaminate gown |
Viral penetration test | ASTM F 1671 | Fail | Pass |
Tensile strength (N) | ASTM D 5034: 2009 | ||
Machine direction | 130 | 145 | |
Cross direction | (Grab) | 86 | 94 |
Tearing strength | 7 | 10 | |
Direction I (Cross wise tear) | ASTM D 1424:2009 | ||
Direction II | 2 | 4 | |
Hydrostatic resistance (mmwc) | AATCC 127:2003 | 1850 | 2930 |
Index puncture resistance (N) | ASTM D 4833 | 46.5 | 58.8 |
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Discussion
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Only 2% hospital waste is contributed by disposable gowns. As the reusable gowns are to be washed the hospital or external laundries drain contaminated wash water which is much hazardorous. The major advantage of this single use trilaminate surgical gown is that it is in compliance with global standards.
Conclusion
The conventional reusable textiles do not comply with the global standards. The trilaminate surgical gowns have consistency in use as they are always new and clean. Hence there is no need of Compromise during laundering.
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Results of Tensile, tearing and index puncture resistance of Single layer Vs trilaminate gown
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References
Articles fromAnimal Theme Circus Theme Clown Theme Indoor Playgroundare provided here courtesy ofMakerere University Medical School